Ukusebenza kwezifanise zokuxhumeka nezibhobho ezingavuleki nezibhobho zokugcinwa kwezulu

Isayensi ebuyekezela ukusebenza kwezifanise zokuxhumeka nezibhobho ezingavuleki

Izifanise zokusebenza ngemvula zokuxhumeka nezibhobho ezingavuleki kombandla zokugcinwa kwezulu ukuze zingasebenzi noma kunalutho oludinga ukuxhumeka kwekhawunti. Izibhobho ezikulesi zinto ziyakhiwa ngemvula futhi zisebenzisa amandla okusebenzisa ngokushesha, futhi wonke amandla amabiweyona ayogcinwa ku-lithium ion battery ukusebenziswa emuva kanti. Okwaziwa ngokuthi kuyisisekelo esikhombisa ukuthi le ndawo ezimbili iyakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa amandla okusebenza noma xa imvula iyaphela. Ezinye izifanise ezinhle zokusebenza kuzothola ukusebenza ngokuphelele ngemva kwezinsuku ezingama-18, okungathi abantu bahlala nezinto eziphumelelayo ngezinye izinsuku zomhla zokuthi izulu kuzoba phakeme kakhulu emva kwekhipha.

Indima yezicathami zokuxhumeka kwezulu ukuguqula imvula yasemkhaweni amandla awusebenziswanga

Izibhobho zokunyusa iselula ziyenza ubungqina obungu-DC, okuyinto ephatha kakhulu amasistimu eselula. Ibhobho enkulu ngokwesisekelo edlulelwa ngokungu-20 watts ingasebenze ngokwesibini - iyahlisa ifani futhi yenze ukulayisha ibhayithi. Le zibhobho ngokuvumelana kusebenza ngemvelaphi ye-18% kuya e-22% xa konke kuyilanga ngokucophelela. Okukhomba kakhulu kazo yekuthi zikhuphela ukusebenzela kwezimali zokunyusa iselula ezisungile kakhulu. Angase ngokulindela ukuthi abanye banelise iselula, abantu bengasebenzisa yonke leli selula lasekhanda kwemva komhlaba.

Inqanawa Yokuwandisa Iselula Fanye Nokuphakama Kwemali

Izisiteme ezisebenza kahle kungena kumakwe 85% yokusebenza xa kubhekiwe ukuthi iphi inani le solar power ekwakhiweni kungena futhi lithola njengokusebenza kwemifan. Lokhu kuthula umphimbo weqile ngokungenaphakathi kwe 20-30 degrees Fahrenheit. Xa iqile liphakathi, izisiteme zokushisa kungena kusebenza ngokushesha ngeminyaka yemvula. Abakhokhi bokulayisha baphike kakhulu ukuthola amadoda abo ahlukene kwe 15% -25%, okungena kuthuthukiswa kwezimali kwezingu- $120 kuya kwe $180 ngalinyaka. Kube ngeminyaka engu-2-3 le zisiteme ezenza ukuthola amadola abo ngokushesha kakhulu. Abakhokhi bokulayisha babuyela ukuthi baphume ngenkathi engu-2-3 ngokushesha kakhulu ngokuthola amadola abo kwezinyanga zonke.

Ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenzela kwezinsuku eziningi kwezinsuku zomhlaba ngokusebenzisa iventilasi yesolar

Ukuthakatha ukusebenza kwe Fan Solar ngekhaso yokushisa okuningi

Izifanise zomoya zilandelayo kakhulu zisunguka ngokudla kwa-12:00 noma kwa-15:00, lapho kungcono kakhulu abantu badinga ukulula futhi lapho amaphoyinti athathwa kakhulu. Lezi zifanise zinesiko lokuthi zihambisa umoya kuzindlu ngaphandle kokudinga umoya waselefu kuleli ngezinsizakwana ezindle. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu - ukushintsha kwezinye izindawo zokulula kuzindle. Ngokwemibuzo yakamuva kwa-IMD 2023, izinkundla ezisebenzisa leli ncazelo zingaba zikhula izindlela zazo zokulula ngeminyaka engu-35 kuya engu-40%.

Ukulandela Umbilo wokulula kwe-Attic futhi ukwehla kwekhiye ukulula

Ukusebenza ngokuvamile kwe-attic kwezimali zokulula kuhlinza ukuguqulwa kwezulu. Kuzo zonke i-10°F ezilandelwa kwe-attic, isikhathi sokusebenza kwezindle kwezimali zokulula sikhuphuka ngama-2-5% (PowerMag 2023). Le nto ingcono kakhulu kuzindawo ezinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-90°F, lapho izinhloso zokulula zasekhaya zingaba zisebenza ngokugcwele.

Ukuncipha Kusebenzwa Kwe-Sistimu Ye-HVAC Nokunciphisa Imali Efanayo

I-Battery storage ikhathalela ukuba amafan ye-solar ayisebenze 4-6 amahora emuva kokuphela kwesihlangothi, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwesihlangothi. Izivivanyo zokulandelana nezindlela zombuso zibonisa ukuthi izindlu ezinazo amaventilayithi we-solar kwiqela lokugcinwa kwezulu kudinga 35% ngaphansi kwe-HVAC runtime ema-heatwaves, okuthiwa kunciphisa imali ngapakethe $240 kwezinyanga eziyisemesteriyo kwindlu enezindlu ezi-2,000 sq. ft.

Isifundo se-Nhloso Yempilo: Ukunciphisa Imali Ngokuxazulwa Kwamaphakela

Isifundo se-12 nyanga kwindluwe-120 e-Arizona ibonile ukuthi abasebenzisa amafan ye-solar bancede amandla ngemali engama-$510 ngonyaka ngokulingana nezindlu ezinamaventilayithi angagcinanga. Le sistimu yenza ukuba kunciphise amandla kanye nokunceda ukuthi kunciphise amandla okuphakama kwe-peak-demand. Ngokudonsa, ukunciphisa ukugcinwa kwezulu kungenzela ukuba izikhala ze-HVAC zingasebenze ngamashumi amabili kuya amashumi amathathu.

Ukubaluleka Nangokusebenza Okudala Wezikhala Ze-Solar

Ukuthola Kwokuqala Ngokulingana Nezimali Ezingenakunciphiswa Ngokwethu

Noma ukuthi izifanisi zasolari ngebhateli ephindiswayo zenza izindleko ezingama-20–40% ngokwokuqala kunamanye amamodeli aphindiswayo, izindleko zazo ezingama-$0 zenza ukunciphisa izindleko ngokude. Ukuvikela kwezifanisi zokuvula kwezikhala kunciphisa isikhathi esisetyenziswa kwi-HVAC ngama-42%, zenza amakhaya ukunciphisa izindleko ezingu- $95 ngonyaka (i-EnergyStar 2023). Lezi zindleko eziyinciphiso zenza ukuthi amasistimu anake ukubuyela izindleko zokuqala ngaphakathi kwezinyanga ezingama-3–5.

Ukulinganisa Isifanisi Solari Ngebhateli Ephindiswayo nezinye Iindlela Zokuphindiswa

Ngokweqhulu kwezifanisi ezijwayelekile eziphakanyiswe kwiindleko ezingaphindwa-phindwa, izifanisi zasolari zenza ukuthi izindleko zokusebenza zibe yinto engenazo. Ngokwesicatshulwa se-Renewable Energy Market Report 2024, izifanisi solari zezikhala zinezindleko ezingama-83% ngaphantsi kwezifanisi zokusebenza ngokokhono xa kubhekwe ukongeza kwezindleko nezindleko zokulungisa.

Ukunganisa Iindleko: Nini Isifanisi Solari Sokuthiwa Yinto Efanayo

Izikhathi zokubuyela ziyathinta ngokwesimo sezingo nezindleko zokushisa. Kizinhlotyweni ezinobungozi obuphezulu kakhulu nezindleko ezingu $0.18/kWh futhi phezulu, ukufaka kwe-$300 kweqondo le-solar lithola amaphesenti 2.8 engxenye yeyohome ezineke amaphesenti 108 ngonyaka, ngokulinganisa ne-4.1 kuzinhlotyweni ezinhle njenge-Portland.

Izinkxenye nezibuyiselwa Ezayizophuhlisa Imirhodeyo Yeqondo le-Solar

izimo ezi-30 manje zinikeza imithwalo yenkambo ezifakwe kumaphesenti angu-25–50% wemindleko yokuhlanganisa izinhlobo zokuxhumana nezulu, nasezinkxenyeni ezifanayo ezitholakalayo isikhathi esilandelayo kusuka ku-2032 ngemthumela wokuphepha kwamandla amathula. Lezi zinkxenye zingakunciphisa izindleko zokuthiwa kuzinhlobo zokuxhumana nezulu futhi zingakunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ngendlela ethulwa nezulu ngeminyaka engu-10.

Ukusebenza nezinhlobo zebhethri kweqondo le-solar

Ukugcina nezinhlobo zebhethri yeqondo le-solar nebhethri engeke yekhwekhwe

Izifanise zasekileyo zomoya weselika zingaphumelela kakhulu kusabela kwezinsimbi kwe-85% kuya kwe-95% lapho kuzokwelwa kuselenge esiphethile. Lezi zinto ngokuvumelekileya kusetshenzisa izibhande zelithiyam vulani okuphumelela kakhulu kusabela kwe-200 kuya kwe-500 watt hours yemfutho ethunyelwe. Izinhleli zokuhle zokuhle kunezindlela ezimbili zokusabela futhi - iselika isebenza ngeminiwane wasekhaya nasekhaya kusabela kwezinsimbi lapho kudingeka, lokhu kwenza yena kakhulu engqondweni yabantu. Ngokomlando olupapashwa ngoqo ngeminyaka leli, izinhleli zokuhle zomoya weselika zilondoloza kakhulu kwezinsimbi zazo ezingama-90% noma ngemva kokuba yena kugcwalwa ngokuphelelela kwezinsimbi ezingama-500. Lokhu kungukhona okukhulu ngokulinganisa nezinye izinto ezincane zokuhle ezizodala kakhulu kwezinsimbi ezingama-40% ngemva kokuba yena kugcwalwa ngokuphelelela.

Isikhathi Somoya Esingaphakathi: Kangakanani Isikhathi Somoya Weselika Singasebenza Ngemfutho Ethunyelwe

Ifan yesolari esibekwe kakhulu yasebenza ngokuvanelwa kwezikhathi e6 kuya kwezikhathi e12 lapho kusettwa kumelwe phakathi, hhoname lokhu kuyindlela ngokwehamba kwesayizi yebhati (kungakhona lutho kusuka ku-20Ah kuya kuma-100Ah) nokuthini kufanele kuhambise amandla kusukela esibonelweni. Iinkumbulo zokunciphisa amandla zokunceda kwezimali zokwekhuwa amandla ngokuvanelwa kwezingu-30% lapho kudinga kwekhiphe, lokhu kusho ukuthi kusebenze kude kakhulu futhi kuhlale kuthinte kakhulu kwezinyaniso eziningi. Lezi zinhlobo zasebenza ngokuvanelwa lapho ikhwekhwe kungaba ngama-95 Fahrenheit, isibonelo soku-10% sokusebenza kokuqala. Kepha bhekani lapho kungaba ngaphezulu kuma-110F ngenxa yebhati lapho zingaba yindlela ngokuvanelwa, ngokuvanelwa kwezingu-15 noma ngokwengeziwe kwezingu-20% ngaphandle kwokuvanelwa.

Ubude bokuphila nobungozi bokusebenza kwemibhati ngokuphelele kwezulu kanye nezulu ezindlela

Imicaba ye-Battery Management Systems (BMS) isikhipha ukungcola okuphezulu xa ikhombo lifika kumaqondo amaningi njengokuthi -4 degrees Fahrenheit up to 140 degrees, futhi le case ezivivinyekile zake kakhulu ukungena kwamanzi. Izivivinyo zasezingeni zokuthi kumaqondo amakhulu amaningi athola ukuthi izibhiya ze-LiFePO4 zisebenza ngama-80% wokusebenzela kwazo xa zilandelwa amashadi angama-3000, lokhu kusho ukuthi zilanga kathathu kunesizathathu se-lithium ion. Ukulungiswa kubaluleke kona, ngoba izinhlelo eziyinhloso zikhula ngaphansi kwe-5% yemfubuko ngonyaka. Kodwa qaphela amaphakela e-coastal lapho ukulwa kwezimali kungahle kuthuthukisa ukungcola kwezinhlelo ezingenakulungiswa, kuthuthukisa ngama-12% ngaphandle kwesibonelo.

Izinto ezinamandla nezokusebenza ngaphandle kwe-grid

Ukushisa okunemfubuko kwezinto zokulaleka, RVs, nezindawo eziphakeme

Izifanise ezisembenyelwe nge-solar ezenza ngokubi ne-batteries eziphakathi kusebenza ngempela lapho kungekho umoya osemaphini. Lezi zinto zilandelayo zingake umoya uphume ngokuzenzekela kudoti, izigubu ezingaphansi, noma i-RVs noma kudingi ukulayisha ama-kords noma ukushisa kwezimali. Iziphaneli ze-solar eziphakathi zilayishwa ngokulandelana nezinsuku zomhla, futhi le lithium ion batteries eziphakade zilandelayo zingasebenza ngokuphezulu kwesikhashana. Okuqukethwe yizifanise ngokuthi kusebenza ngempela noma lapho kuthathwe kwezithunzi noma kuzivaphepha.

Ukuvikeleka Kwemergensi nokuthula kwezinto ezingenayo umoya nge-solar ngokulayisha izifanise

Xa kumelela kweqile kwiimeko eziphazamisa kwaye kwiintsuku zokugqibela, le miqamatha iqinisekisa ukuba yizinto zokuxhasa ngaphakathi kwemitha ngokuchanekileyo ngokubini kwezikhala zazo. Iibatteri kule miqamatha zilula kati kwezithathu ukuya kwezibini kwiintsimbi zokugcinwa ngokokhawuleza. Emva koko xa le ntla ibuyela, iipaneli zesolari ziqala kwakhona ngaphandle kokuthi into enye iyenzelwe, ngoko ke iya kuqhubeka nokuchitha izindawo nangona kwiimeko eziphambene ngokude. Ngokuxhasa kwezinyathelo ezweni, bonke abantu bafumene ukuba le miqamatha enene yachitha amandla kwiindlela ezininzi kwezithathu kwiinde kweFahrenheit kwindawo apho akukho moya wokugcinwa. Ke le nto iyahlula ukuba yincedo kakhulu kwiimeko apho kufuneka ukulungiswa kwezempilo kufakwe ngokugqagqiseneyo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yintoni eyenza ngayo ifan yesolari enenye yebatteri yokuvelisa amandla?

Ifani leselulekileyo enenhliziyelo esikhatheleneyo isebenza ngokushisa kwezulu ukuguqula ukushisa kwezulu kumagetsi, okuyisisekelo sefan. Iqondo lokushisa kwezulu ligcinwa kwenhliziyelo ngokusebenza lapho kungenakushisa.

Yini amaphetho wokusebenzisa izinhlobo zokushisa kwezulu kunokusebenzisa izinhlobo zokushisa?

Izinhlobo zokushisa kwezulu zilapha izindleko zokushisa ngokusebenzisa ukushisa kwezulu esikhundleni sokushisa esihlotshaniswa. Zasebenza futhi ngaphandle kwezindleko zokusebenza ngokuphelelwe izindleko zokusebenza.

Yini indlela izinhlobo zokushisa kwezulu zisebenza ngokushisa okugcinwe?

Izinhlobo zokushisa kwezulu zingasebenza phakathi kwe6 kuya kwe12 iintsuku ngokushisa okugcinwe, kulinganisa nenhliziyelo neempendulo zokushisa.

Iwe, kukhona amaphetho abikwa ukufaka izinhlobo zokushisa kwezulu?

Ewe, amanye amathaba afaka amakhredithi nesikhathelo esikubikwa kwezinye indlela yokufaka izinhlobo zokushisa kwezulu, okwenza kube lula ukuyicapha.